Allow dependency for google/protobuf v^5.34

[m8nky]

Is your feature request related to a problem?
Yes, we rely on editions proto files (2024) for our project. Currently the opentelemetry-php does not allow proto v5 library:
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-php/blob/main/proto/otel/composer.json

This results in a composer tree conflict.

Describe the solution you'd like
Just add the v5.0 dependency to the file mentioned above.

"google/protobuf": "^3.22 || ^4.0" || ^5.0

Describe alternatives you've considered
Tried to find a solution where the dependency tree of composer allows two different major versions. This seems to be a PHP or composer anti-pattern and is not allowed by design.

Additional context
Composer error:
- open-telemetry/exporter-otlp[1.2.0, ..., 1.4.0] require open-telemetry/gen-otlp-protobuf ^1.1 -> satisfiable by open-telemetry/gen-otlp-protobuf[1.1.0, ..., 1.8.0].
- open-telemetry/gen-otlp-protobuf[1.1.0, ..., 1.2.0] require google/protobuf ^3.3.0 -> satisfiable by google/protobuf[v3.4.0, ..., v3.25.8].
- open-telemetry/gen-otlp-protobuf[1.2.1, ..., 1.8.0] require google/protobuf ^3.22 || ^4.0 -> satisfiable by google/protobuf[v3.22.0, ..., v3.25.8, v4.26.0, ..., v4.33.5].
- You can only install one version of a package, so only one of these can be installed: google/protobuf[v3.4.0, ..., v3.25.8, v4.26.1, ..., v4.33.5, v5.34.0].

Feel free to ask for more info.

[th-lange]

It seems like this is required for php 8.5
As php 8.5 calls result in issues:

Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /srv/app/vendor/google/protobuf/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorPool.php on line 93

Call Stack:
    0.0429    9311496   1. OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Util\ShutdownHandler::{closure:/srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/ShutdownHandler.php:75-79}($handlers = [0 => class Closure { public $name = '{closure:OpenTelemetry\\SDK\\Common\\Util\\weaken():53}'; public $file = '/srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/functions.php'; public $line = 53; public $static = [...]; public $parameter = [...] }, 1 => class Closure { public $name = '{closure:OpenTelemetry\\SDK\\Common\\Util\\weaken():53}'; public $file = '/srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/functions.php'; public $line = 53; public $static = [...]; public $parameter = [...] }, 2 => class Closure { public $name = '{closure:OpenTelemetry\\SDK\\Common\\Util\\weaken():53}'; public $file = '/srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/functions.php'; public $line = 53; public $static = [...]; public $parameter = [...] }]) /srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/ShutdownHandler.php:0
    0.0430    9311824   2. {closure:/srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/functions.php:53-54}() /srv/app/vendor/open-telemetry/sdk/Common/Util/ShutdownHandler.php:77

This is an issue that was fixed in protobuf, but requries an update to 5.34

Links:

• chore(php): fix chr() deprecation in CodedOutputStream.php protocolbuffers/protobuf#24666
• chore(php): prevent PHP 8.5 null array key deprecation protocolbuffers/protobuf#24668