Lightpanda Browser

The headless browser built from scratch for AI agents and automation.
Not a Chromium fork. Not a WebKit patch. A new browser, written in Zig.

 

Benchmarks

Requesting 933 real web pages over the network on a AWS EC2 m5.large instance. See benchmark details.

Metric	Lightpanda	Headless Chrome	Difference
Memory (peak, 100 pages)	123MB	2GB	~16 less
Execution time (100 pages)	5s	46s	~9x faster

Quick start

Install

Install from the nightly builds

You can download the last binary from the nightly builds for Linux x86_64 and MacOS aarch64.

For Linux

curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-x86_64-linux && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

Linux aarch64 is also available

For MacOS

curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-aarch64-macos && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

MacOS x86_64 is also available

For Windows + WSL2

The Lightpanda browser is compatible to run on windows inside WSL. Follow the Linux instruction for installation from a WSL terminal. It is recommended to install clients like Puppeteer on the Windows host.

Install from Docker

Lightpanda provides official Docker images for both Linux amd64 and arm64 architectures. The following command fetches the Docker image and starts a new container exposing Lightpanda's CDP server on port 9222.

docker run -d --name lightpanda -p 127.0.0.1:9222:9222 lightpanda/browser:nightly

Dump a URL

./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump html --log-format pretty  --log-level info https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/campfire-commerce/

You can use --dump markdown to convert directly into markdown. --wait-until, --wait-ms, --wait-selector and --wait-script are available to adjust waiting time before dump.

Start a CDP server

./lightpanda serve --obey-robots --log-format pretty  --log-level info --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222

Once the CDP server started, you can run a Puppeteer script by configuring the browserWSEndpoint.

Example Puppeteer script

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

// use browserWSEndpoint to pass the Lightpanda's CDP server address.
const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
  browserWSEndpoint: "ws://127.0.0.1:9222",
});

// The rest of your script remains the same.
const context = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const page = await context.newPage();

// Dump all the links from the page.
await page.goto('https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/amiibo/', {waitUntil: "networkidle0"});

const links = await page.evaluate(() => {
  return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a')).map(row => {
    return row.getAttribute('href');
  });
});

console.log(links);

await page.close();
await context.close();
await browser.disconnect();

Native MCP and skill

The MCP server communicates via MCP JSON-RPC 2.0 over stdio.

Add to your MCP configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "lightpanda": {
      "command": "/path/to/lightpanda",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}

Read full documentation

A skill is available in lightpanda-io/agent-skill.

Telemetry

By default, Lightpanda collects and sends usage telemetry. This can be disabled by setting an environment variable LIGHTPANDA_DISABLE_TELEMETRY=true. You can read Lightpanda's privacy policy at: https://lightpanda.io/privacy-policy.

Status

Lightpanda is in Beta and currently a work in progress. Stability and coverage are improving and many websites now work. You may still encounter errors or crashes. Please open an issue with specifics if so.

Here are the key features we have implemented:

• CORS #2015
• HTTP loader (Libcurl)
• HTML parser (html5ever)
• DOM tree
• Javascript support (v8)
• DOM APIs
• Ajax
  • XHR API
  • Fetch API
• DOM dump
• CDP/websockets server
• Click
• Input form
• Cookies
• Custom HTTP headers
• Proxy support
• Network interception
• Respect robots.txt with option --obey-robots

NOTE: There are hundreds of Web APIs. Developing a browser (even just for headless mode) is a huge task. Coverage will increase over time.

Build from sources

Prerequisites

Lightpanda is written with Zig 0.15.2. You have to install it with the right version in order to build the project.

Lightpanda also depends on v8, Libcurl and html5ever.

To be able to build the v8 engine, you have to install some libs:

For Debian/Ubuntu based Linux:

sudo apt install xz-utils ca-certificates \
    pkg-config libglib2.0-dev \
    clang make curl git

You also need to install Rust.

For systems with Nix, you can use the devShell:

nix develop

For MacOS, you need cmake and Rust.

brew install cmake

Build and run

You an build the entire browser with make build or make build-dev for debug env.

But you can directly use the zig command: zig build run.

Embed v8 snapshot

Lighpanda uses v8 snapshot. By default, it is created on startup but you can embed it by using the following commands:

Generate the snapshot.

zig build snapshot_creator -- src/snapshot.bin

Build using the snapshot binary.

zig build -Dsnapshot_path=../../snapshot.bin

See #1279 for more details.

Test

Unit Tests

You can test Lightpanda by running make test.

End to end tests

To run end to end tests, you need to clone the demo repository into ../demo dir.

You have to install the demo's node requirements

You also need to install Go > v1.24.

make end2end

Web Platform Tests

Lightpanda is tested against the standardized Web Platform Tests.

We use a fork including a custom testharnessreport.js.

For reference, you can easily execute a WPT test case with your browser via wpt.live.

Configure WPT HTTP server

To run the test, you must clone the repository, configure the custom hosts and generate the MANIFEST.json file.

Clone the repository with the fork branch.

git clone -b fork --depth=1 git@github.com:lightpanda-io/wpt.git

Enter into the wpt/ dir.

Install custom domains in your /etc/hosts

./wpt make-hosts-file | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

Generate MANIFEST.json

./wpt manifest

Use the WPT's setup guide for details.

Run WPT test suite

An external Go runner is provided by github.com/lightpanda-io/demo/ repository, located into wptrunner/ dir. You need to clone the project first.

First start the WPT's HTTP server from your wpt/ clone dir.

./wpt serve

Run a Lightpanda browser

zig build run -- --insecure-disable-tls-host-verification

Then you can start the wptrunner from the Demo's clone dir:

cd wptrunner && go run .

Or one specific test:

cd wptrunner && go run . Node-childNodes.html

wptrunner command accepts --summary and --json options modifying output. Also --concurrency define the concurrency limit.

⚠️ Running the whole test suite will take a long time. In this case, it's useful to build in releaseFast mode to make tests faster.

zig build -Doptimize=ReleaseFast run

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines. You must sign our CLA during the pull request process.

• Discord

Why Lightpanda?

Javascript execution is mandatory for the modern web

Simple HTTP requests used to be enough for web automation. That's no longer the case. Javascript now drives most of the web:

• Ajax, Single Page Apps, infinite loading, instant search
• JS frameworks: React, Vue, Angular, and others

Chrome is not the right tool

Running a full desktop browser on a server works, but it does not scale well. Chrome at hundreds or thousands of instances is expensive:

• Heavy on RAM and CPU
• Hard to package, deploy, and maintain at scale
• Many features are not necessary in headless made

Lightpanda is built for performance

Supporting Javascript with real performance meant building from scratch rather than forking Chromium:

• Not based on Chromium, Blink, or WebKit
• Written in Zig, a low-level language with explicit memory control
• No graphical rendering engine